Content:

Introduction

How to combine qualitative and quantitative methods in mixed methods research?

Literature: 

Creswell, J. & Plano C., V. L (2011). Designing and Conducting mixed methods research. Thousand Oaks, Calif: Sage; 2011, Chapter 1; 4

Content: 

What is qualitative research? 

The perspective of the participants.

What data can we generate/analyze in qualitative research? 

What are the results (products) of qualitative research? 

Literature (obligatory): 

Gray, D.E. (2009). Doing research in the real world. Sage: London, Chapter 2: Theoretical perspectives and research methodologies, pp. 15-38 (Overview).

Literature (recommended):

Strauss, A. & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics for qualitative research: grounded theory procedures and techniques. Los Angeles a.o.: Sage, Introduction, p. 1-17; Getting Started, p. 33-40.

Denzin, N.K. & Lincoln, Y.S. (2013). Introduction. The Discipline and Practice of Qualitative Research. In: N. Denzin & Y.S. Lincoln, The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research. Los Angeles ao: Sage, p. 1-19

Content: 

The qualitative research process

Iterative vs. linear research process 

Guiding principles for qualitative research 

Sampling strategies in qualitative research 

Literature (obligatory): 

Berger, R. (2015). Now I see it, now I don’t: researcher’s position and reflexivity in qualitative research. Qualitative Research, 15(2), 219–234. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794112468475

Article that can be chosen for presentation

Sattlegger, L. & Rau, H.  (2016). Carlessness in a car‐centric world: A reconstructive approach to qualitative mobility biographies research, Journal of Transport Geography (53), 22-31 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2016.04.003.

Literature (recommended):

Flick, Uwe (2018). Criteria in qualitative research. In: Uwe Flick, Managing Quality in qualitative research. Los Angeles a.o.: Sage, pp.25-39.

Strauss, Anselm & Juliet, Corbin (1995). Basics for qualitative research: grounded theory procedures and techniques. Los Angeles. a.o.: Sage. 

Sampling Strategies: 

Palinkas, L. A. (2015). Purposeful Sampling for Qualitative Data Collection and Analysis in Mixed Method Implementation Research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 4,  533–544. DOI 10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y

Strauss, A. & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics for qualitative research: grounded theory procedures and techniques. Los Angeles a.o.: Sage: Chapter: Theoretical Sampling, 176-193.

Mores, J. M. (2007). Sampling in Grounded Theory. In: Antony Bryant, Kathy Charmaz (Eds.), The Sage Handbook of Grounded Theory. Los Angeles a. o. : Sage, 229-244.

Content: 

The qualitative interview

Different approaches of qualitative interviews

Which type of interview fits which research purpose/question?

Articles that can be chosen for presentation: 

Basmajian, C. “Turn on the radio, bust out a song”: the experience of driving to work. Transportation 37, 59–84 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-009-9220-1. (Narration)

Lisa Davison, Marcus Enoch, Tim Ryley, Mohammed Quddus, Chao Wang, (2012). Identifying potential market niches for Demand Responsive Transport, Research in Transportation Business & Management 3, 50-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2012.04.007. (interviews with experts)

Lubin, A., & Feeley, C. (2016). Transportation Issues of Adults on the Autism Spectrum: Findings from Focus Group Discussions. Transportation Research Record, 2542(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3141/2542-01 (focus groups)

Literature (recommended): 

Roulston K, deMarrais K, Lewis JB. Learning to Interview in the Social Sciences. Qualitative Inquiry. 2003;9(4):643-668. doi:10.1177/1077800403252736 

Roulston, K & Choi, M. (2018). Qualitative Interviews. In: Flick, U. The Sage handbook of qualitative data collection, Los Angeles ao.: Sage. 233-249.

Bogner, Alexander; Littig, Beate; Menz, Wolfgang (2009). Interviewing Experts. Basingstoke: palgrave: Macmillan. 

Scheibelhofer, Elisabeth (2008). Combining Narration‐Based Interviews with Topical Interviews: Methodological Reflections on Research Practices, International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 11(5), 403-416, DOI: 10.1080/13645570701401370

Legard, R., Keegan, J., &. Ward, K. (2003). In-depth interviews. In J. Ritchie & J. Lewis (Eds.), Qualitative
research practice. Thousand Oaks, CA/London: Sage, 138–168.

Johnson, J. M. (2002). In-depth interviewing. In J. F. Gubrium & J. A. Holstein (Eds.), Handbook of
interview research: Context and method. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 103–119.

Content: 

Focus groups

Online focus groups

Participant Observation, Ethnography

Articles that can be chosen for presentation: 

Justin Spinney (2011) A Chance to Catch a Breath: Using Mobile Video Ethnography in Cycling Research, Mobilities, 6:2, 161-182, DOI: 10.1080/17450101.2011.552771 (Video-Observation)

Soliz, Aryana (2021). Divergent infrastructure: Uncovering alternative pathways in urban velomobilities, Journal of Transport Geography, 90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2020.102926. (participant observation)

Alan Latham, Michael Nattrass, Autonomous vehicles, car-dominated environments, and cycling: Using an ethnography of infrastructure to reflect on the prospects of a new transportation technology, Journal of Transport Geography  81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102539. (ethnography)

Literature (recommended): 

Qualitative Observation: 

Adler, P. & Adler, P. (1994). Observational Techniques. In: N. Denzin and Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research. Thousand oaks a.o.: Sage, 377-392. 

Participant Observation:

Spradley, J. D. (1980). Participant Observation. Forth Worth: Harcourt Brace.

Atkinson, P. & Hammersley, M. (1994). Ethnography and participant observation. In: N. Denzin and Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research. Thousand oaks a.o.: Sage248-261.

Ethnography

Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2007) Ethnography. Principles in pratice. London & New York: routledge.

Focus Groups:

Morgan, D. L. (2012). Focus groups and social interaction. In: J. F. Grubium, J. A. Holstein, A. B. Marvasti, & K. D. McKinney (Eds.) The SAGE handbook of interview research. The complexity of the craft, 161-176.

Morgan, D. L. & Hoffman, K. (2018). Focus Groups. In: U. Flick (Ed.) The SAGE handbook of qualitative data collection, London a.o.: Sage, 250-263.

Hydén L-C; Bülow PH  (2003): Who's talking: drawing conclusions from focus groups—some methodological considerations, Int. J. Social Research Methodology, 6:4, 305-321 DOI:10.1080/13645570210124865

Kitzinger, J. (2005): Focus group research: using group dynamics to explore perceptions, experiences and understandings In: Holloway, I. (2005). Qualitative Research in Health Care. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill Education, 56-70. 

Online Focus Groups:

Abrams, Katie M.; Gaier, Ted J. (2017): Online Focus Group. In The Sage Handbook of online research methods. Los Angeles  u.a. SAGE, 435-450. 

Woodyatt, C. R.; Finneran, C. A.; Stephenson, R. (2016): In-Person Versus Online Focus Group Discussions: A Comparative Analysis of Data Quality. Qualitative Health Research. 26(6) 741–749

Content: 

Data Analysis:

Quality in qualitative data analysis

Interpretation, hermeneutics 

Grounded theory 

(Memo writing)

Articles that can be chosen for presentation:

Lueger, Manfred; Sandner, Karl, Meyer, Renate & Hammerschmid, Gerhard (2005). Contextualizing Influence Activities: An Objective Hermeneutical Approach, p. 1145-1168.

Silva, C., Moeckel, R., & Clifton, K. (2020). Proof of Concept for a Grounded Theory Approach to Understanding Interactions Occurring on Bicycle Facilities. Transportation Research Record, 2674(10), 94–104. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198120943588

Anna Nikolaeva, Marco te Brömmelstroet, Rob Raven, James Ranson, (2019). Smart cycling futures: Charting a new terrain and moving towards a research agenda, Journal of Transport Geography 79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.102486.

Literature (recommended): 

Hermeneutics

Reicherts, Jo (2004): Objective Hermeneutics and Hermeneutic Sociology of Knowledge. In Flick et al (Ed.) A Companion to qualitative research. 2004, Sage

Grounded Theory:

Charmaz, K. (2011). Constructing grounded theory. London: Sage. (chapters Coding, Memo-writing)

Bryant, Antony; Charmaz, Kathy (2007). Introduction. Grounded Theory Research: Methods and Practices. In: A. Bryant, K. Charmaz (Eds.), The Sage Handbook of Grounded Theory. Los Angeles a. o. : Sage, 1-28. 

Kelle, U. (2007). The development of categories: different approaches in Grounded Theory. In: A. Bryant, K. Charmaz (Eds.), The Sage Handbook of Grounded Theory. Los Angeles a. o. : Sage, 191-213.

Lempert, L. B. (2007). Asking questions of the data: memo writing in the grounded theory tradition. In: A. Bryant, K. Charmaz (Eds.), The Sage Handbook of Grounded Theory. Los Angeles a. o. : Sage, 245-264.

Strauss, Anselm & Juliet, Corbin (1990): Basics for qualitative research: grounded theory procedures and techniques. Los Angeles a.o.: Sage. .Chapters: Open/axial/selective coding and Memo-writing

Glaser, Barney G.; Strauss, Anselm, 1967: The Discovery of Grounded Theory. Strategies for Qualitative Research. Chicago u.a.: Aldine Publishing Company.

Content: 

Data Analysis:

- Qualitative content analysis

- Computer based Qualitative Analysis

Articles that can be chosen for presentation:

Lopez Jaramillo, O., Stotts, R., Kelley, S., & Kuby, M. (2019). Content Analysis of Interviews with Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle Drivers in Los Angeles. Transportation Research Record, 2673(9), 377–388. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198119845355 

Weber, F., Juschten, M., Fanninger, C., Brandenburg, C., Jiricka-Pürrer, A., Czachs, C., & Unbehaun, W. (2018). ‘Sommerfrische’in Times of Climate Change: A Qualitative Analysis of Historical and Recent Perceptions of the Term. In Contemporary Challenges of Climate Change, Sustainable Tourism Consumption, and Destination Competitiveness. Emerald Publishing Limited.

Literature (obligatory): 

Content Analysis:

Schreier, Margit (2012). Introduction: What is content analysis? In: Margit Schreier, Qualitative content analysis in practice, 1-19. 

Schreier, Margit (2014). Qualitative Content Analysis. In: Uwe Flick, The Sage Handbook of qualitative Data analysis. Los Angeles a.o.: Sage, 170-183

Content: 

Research ethics

Preparing for methods application

Literature (obligatory): 

Iphofen, R. (2009). Ethical decision-making in social research. Hants: Palgrave Macmillan Basingstoke. Chapter 1: The problem in ethical decision-making in social research, pp. 1-17

Articles that can be chosen for presentation: 

Articles about research ethics; depends on students interest

Literature (recommended):

The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), in particular Art. 6 para. 1 lit. a (consent) and Art. 9 para. 2 lit. j (research purposes in the public interest) 

Content: 

Qualitative workshop 

To Do: 

Students present their experiences in applying methods. They bring along their transcripts, observation protocols, Interview guides, method reflections…

We will analyze qualitative material in groups

Literature: 

methods' application 

Content: 
Qualitative workshop 

To Do: 

Students present their experiences in applying methods. They bring along their transcripts, observation protocols, Interview guides, method reflections…

We will analyze qualitative material in groups

Literature: 

methods' application 

Open Book Test 

Content:

From qualitative to quantitative research: advantages and disadvantages of each method 

Some Examples: 

Lienhoop, N. (2018). Acceptance of wind energy and the role of financial and procedural participation: An investigation with focus groups and choice experiments. Energy Policy, 118, 97-105.

Kolarova, Viktoriya. "Exploring the elements and determinants of the value of time for manual driving and autonomous driving using a qualitative approach." Transportation research record (2020): 0361198120953770.

Powe, N. A., Garrod, G. D., & McMahon, P. L. (2005). Mixing methods within stated preference environmental valuation: choice experiments and post-questionnaire qualitative analysis. Ecological economics, 52(4), 513-526.

Content:

Introduction to quantitative methods

Topics Covered: 

• What is quantitative research?
• Qualitative vs. quantitative research (methods)
• Some terminology
• Hypothesis testing
• Types of quantitative research

Literature: 

• Babbie, E.R. The Practice of Social Research. 12th ed. Belmont, CA:Wadsworth Cengage, 2010 
• Huntington-Klein, N. (2021) The effect - an introduction to research design and causality: https://www.nickchk.com/book/The_Effect_DRAFT_DO_NOT_REHOST.pdf
• MacDonald, S., & Headlam, N. (2008). Research Methods Handbook: Introductory guide to research methods for social research. Centre for Local Economic Strategies. URL: https://www.cles.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/Research-Methods-Handbook.pdf
• Muijs, Daniel. Doing Quantitative Research in Education with SPSS. 2nd edition. London: SAGE Publications, 2010.
• Patel, P. (2009, October). Introduction to quantitative methods. In Empirical Law Seminar (Vol. 14). URL: http://hls.harvard.edu/content/uploads/2011/12/quantitative_methods.pdf
   

Content: 

Introduction to regressions with continuous and discrete dependent variables

Topics Covered: 

• Introduce main concepts of regression analysis in the context of regression analysis using OLS
• (Intuitive) introduction to discrete models

Literature: 

Huntington-Klein, N. (2021) The effect - an introduction to research design and causality, Chapter 13: https://www.nickchk.com/book/The_Effect_DRAFT_DO_NOT_REHOST.pd

Telling Stories with Data: https://www.tellingstorieswithdata.com/its-just-a-linear-model.html#overview

Koster, H.R.A (2019). Discrete choice for spatial economics. https://www.urbaneconomics.nl/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Discrete-Choice-syllabus.pdf

Content: 

Computer Lab: Introduction to R, data management, descriptive statistics

Literature:

Wickham, H.& Grolemund, G. (2017). R for data science: https://r4ds.had.co.nz/index.html

Resources at WU: 

1. R Tutorial: https://gitlab.com/r-students-WU/tutorial-winter-2020
2. R Course by the Institute for Interactive Marketing and Social Media: https://imsmwu.github.io/MRDA2019/_book/index.html

Content: 

Introduction to discrete choice modelling 

Literature (obligatory): 

Train, K. E. (2009). Discrete choice methods with simulation. Cambridge university press. Ch. 3

Topics Covered: 
What are discrete choice models?
Why/when/how to use them? 

Literature: 

Train, K. E. (2009). Discrete choice methods with simulation. Cambridge university press. Ch. 1, 2 and 3 https://eml.berkeley.edu/books/choice2.html

https://www.urbaneconomics.nl/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/Discrete-Choice-syllabus.pdf

Examples: 

Mouter, N., Cabral, M. O., Dekker, T., & van Cranenburgh, S. (2019). The value of travel time, noise pollution, recreation and biodiversity: A social choice valuation perspective. Research in Transportation Economics, 76, 100733.

Chorus, C., Sandorf, E. D., & Mouter, N. (2020). Diabolical dilemmas of COVID-19: An empirical study into Dutch society’s trade-offs between health impacts and other effects of the lockdown. PloS one, 15(9), e0238683.

Gaker, D., Vautin, D., Vij, A., & Walker, J. L. (2011). The power and value of green in promoting sustainable transport behavior. Environmental Research Letters, 6(3), 034010.

Manaugh, K., Boisjoly, G., & El-Geneidy, A. (2017). Overcoming barriers to cycling: understanding frequency of cycling in a University setting and the factors preventing commuters from cycling on a regular basis. Transportation, 44(4), 871-884.

Unbehaun, W., Uhlmann, T., Hössinger, R., Leisch, F., & Gerike, R. (2014). Women and men with care responsibilities in the Austrian Alps: Activity and mobility patterns of a diverse group. Mountain Research and Development, 34(3), 276-290.

Stark, J., Frühwirth, J., & Aschauer, F. (2018). Exploring independent and active mobility in primary school children in Vienna. Journal of transport geography, 68, 31-41.

Content:

Computer Lab: Estimation of MNL models

Literature/Resources: 

R package for discrete choice modelling: http://www.apollochoicemodelling.com/

To Do:

Assignment I (due 17.05.2021, 11pm)

Content:

Discrete choice modelling: advanced discrete choice models

Literature: 

Train, K. E. (2009). Discrete choice methods with simulation. Cambridge university press. Ch. 4, 6, 8

Greene, W. H., & Hensher, D. A. (2003). A latent class model for discrete choice analysis: contrasts with mixed logit. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 37(8), 681-698.

Content: 

Computer Lab: Estimation of advanced discrete choice models 

Literature/Resources: 

R package for discrete choice modelling: http://www.apollochoicemodelling.com/

To Do: 

Assignment II (due 24.05.2021, 11pm)

Open Book Test 

Content: 

Retrospection of qualitative and quantitative Methods

Potentials of Mixed Methods Design 

Collecting ideas and plans of students for research projects in Course II (winter semester) 

To Do: 

Think about your research interest for applied research in Course II